Over the last 5 years, the introduction of novel T-cell immunotherapies in the form of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) has changed the treatment landscape for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, and their potential in earlier lines of treatment is being investigated. The aim of this review was to summarize European Myeloma Network recommendations for optimizing the efficacy and safety of T-cell immunotherapies.

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) are both B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies that are approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The two therapies have not been directly compared in head-to-head trials, meaning there are limited data on which physicians can base treatment selection. In the absence of a randomized controlled clinical trial, the aim of this study was to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of ide-cel and cilta-cel in patients with RRMM.

In the phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 trial, patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) had deep and durable responses following treatment with ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. The aim of this analysis was to gain further insights into the characteristics of patients who experienced long-term (≥5 years) clinical benefits after cilta-cel infusion.

GPRC5D (G protein- coupled receptor class C group 5 member D) is expressed primarily on the surface of myeloma cells independently of anti-Bcell maturation antigen (BCMA), and anti- GPRC5D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy may have clinical activity in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and activity of anti- GPRC5D CAR T cells in patients with MM whose disease has progressed after anti- BCMA CAR T-cell therapy.